“Ukuphuma” kwamabhizinisi akhuphukayo naphansi ochungechungeni lwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha eShayina sekuyingqophamlando yokukhula kwemakethe.Ngaphansi kwesizinda esinjalo, amabhizinisi enqwaba ekhokhisayo asheshisa ukwakheka kwezimakethe zaphesheya.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, abanye abezindaba babike izindaba ezinjalo.Inkomba yakamuva ye-cross-border ekhishwe yi-Alibaba International Station ikhombisa ukuthi amathuba ebhizinisi aphesheya kwezinqwaba zokushaja izimoto zamandla akhuphuke ngo-245% ngonyaka owedlule, futhi cishe siphindwe kathathu indawo yesidingo esikhathini esizayo, esizoba yisikhungo. ithuba elisha lamabhizinisi asekhaya.
Eqinisweni, ekuqaleni kuka-2023, ngezinguquko zezinqubomgomo ezifanele ezimakethe zaphesheya, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwenqwaba yokushaja izimoto zamandla kubhekene namathuba amasha nezinselelo.
Igebe lesidingo kodwa inqubomgomo eguquguqukayo
Njengamanje, isidingo esinamandla sokushaja izinqwaba sibangelwa ukuthandwa ngokushesha kwezimoto zamandla amasha emhlabeni jikelele.Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2022, ukudayiswa kwezimoto ezintsha emhlabeni wonke kwafinyelela ku-10.824 million, okunyuke ngo-61.6% unyaka nonyaka.Ngokombono wemakethe yezimoto zaphesheya kwezilwandle kuphela, ngenkathi umgomo usiza ukukhuthaza imoto yonke, kunegebe elikhulu lesidingo sokushaja izinqwaba, ikakhulukazi e-Europe nase-United States, lapho amabhizinisi asekhaya athumela ngaphezulu.
Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, iPhalamende LaseYurophu lisanda kudlulisa umthethosivivinywa wokumisa ukudayiswa kwezimoto zenjini kaphethiloli eYurophu ngo-2035. Lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi ukwanda kokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezinamandla e-Europe ngokuqinisekile kuzothuthukisa ukukhula kwesidingo sokushaja izinqwaba. .Isikhungo socwaningo sibikezela ukuthi eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo, imakethe yenqwaba yokushaja izimoto zamandla entsha yaseYurophu izokhuphuka isuka ku-5 billion euros ngo-2021 iye kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15.UDe Mayo, umongameli we-European Automobile Manufacturers Association, uthe inqubekelaphambili yokufakwa kwezinqwaba zokushaja izimoto zikagesi emazweni angamalungu e-EU “ayikude ngokwanele”.Ukuze kusekelwe ukuguqulwa kwemboni yezimoto ekufakeni ugesi, inqwaba yokushaja engu-14000 idinga ukwengezwa isonto ngalinye, kuyilapho inombolo yangempela kulesi sigaba ingu-2000 kuphela.
Muva nje, inqubomgomo yokukhuthaza izimoto zamandla amasha e-United States nayo isiphenduke "i-radical".Ngokusho kwalolu hlelo, ngo-2030, isabelo sezimoto zikagesi ekuthengisweni kwezimoto ezintsha e-United States sizofinyelela okungenani ku-50%, kanti izinqwaba zokushaja ezingu-500000 zizohlonyiswa.Kuze kube manje, uhulumeni wase-US uhlela ukutshala ama-US $ 7.5 billion emkhakheni wezindawo zokushaja izimoto zikagesi.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinga lokungena kwezimoto zikagesi e-United States lingaphansi kuka-10%, futhi indawo ebanzi yokukhula kwemakethe inikeza ithuba lokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi enqwaba yasekhaya ashajayo.
Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni wase-US usanda kumemezela izinga elisha lokwakhiwa kwenqwaba yenqwaba yamanethiwekhi enqwaba eshaja izimoto zikagesi.Zonke izinqwaba zokushaja ezixhaswe yi-US Infrastructure Act zizokhiqizwa endaweni futhi imibhalo izosebenza ngokushesha.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhizinisi afanelekile kufanele asebenzise izinga eliyinhloko lesixhumanisi sokushaja sase-United States, okungukuthi “Isistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe” (CCS).
Izinguquko ezinjalo zenqubomgomo zithinta amabhizinisi amaningi ayinqwaba akhokhisayo alungiselela futhi asethuthuke izimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle.Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi amaningi enqwaba eshajayo athole imibuzo kubatshalizimali.U-Shuangjie Electric uthe esiteji sokusebenzisana nabatshalizimali ukuthi inkampani inohlu oluphelele lwenqwaba yokushaja i-AC, amashaja e-DC neminye imikhiqizo, futhi ithole iziqu zomphakeli we-State Grid Corporation.Njengamanje, imikhiqizo yenqwaba eshajayo ithunyelwe e-Saudi Arabia, India nakwamanye amazwe nezifunda, futhi izothuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimakethe zaphesheya.
Mayelana nezidingo ezintsha ezibekwe uhulumeni wase-United States, amabhizinisi enqwaba ekhokhiswayo asekhaya anebhizinisi lokuthekelisa asevele enze isibikezelo esithile.Umuntu ofanelekile we-Shenzhen Daotong Technology Co., Ltd. (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Daotong Technology”) utshele intatheli ukuthi umthelela we-New Deal of the United States ucatshangelwe ngenkathi kusethwa umgomo wokuthengisa ka-2023, ngakho-ke. umthelela wayo enkampanini wawumncane.Kubikwa ukuthi iDaotong Technology ihlele ukwakha ifekthri e-United States.Kulindeleke ukuthi ifektri entsha iqedwe futhi iqale ukusebenza ngo-2023. Njengamanje, umsebenzi uqhubeka kahle.
Inzuzo "i-blue ocean" enobunzima ekuthuthukisweni
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi isidingo sokushaja izinqwaba e-Alibaba International Station ikakhulukazi sivela ezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika, phakathi kwazo i-UK, iJalimane, i-Ireland, i-United States ne-New Zealand okungamazwe amahlanu aphezulu ngokuthandwa kwenqwaba yokushaja. sesha.Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkomba ye-cross-border ye-Alibaba International Station iphinde ikhombise ukuthi abathengi baphesheya kwezilwandle bezinqwaba zokushaja ezifuywayo ikakhulukazi bangabathengisi bezitolo bendawo, ababalelwa ku-30%;Osonkontileka bokwakha nabathuthukisi bezakhiwo babalelwa ku-20%.
Umuntu ohlobene ne-Daotong Technology utshele intatheli ukuthi njengamanje, ama-oda ayo enqwaba yokushaja emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika aphuma kakhulu kumakhasimende athengisa endawo, futhi amaphrojekthi oxhaso lukahulumeni enza ingxenye encane uma kuqhathaniswa.Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imikhawulo yenqubomgomo izoba lukhuni kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi ngezidingo zokukhiqiza kweMelika.
Imakethe yezinqwaba ezishajayo yasekhaya isivele “iwulwandle olubomvu”, kanti phesheya kwezilwandle “ulwandle oluluhlaza” kusho ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona inzuzo ephezulu.Kubikwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yezimoto zamandla amasha ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseMelika sekwephuzile kunalokho okusemakethe yasekhaya.Iphethini yokuncintisana igxile kakhulu, futhi umkhawulo wenzuzo yonke yemikhiqizo iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo emakethe yasekhaya.Umuntu wasembonini ongathandanga kudalulwe igama lakhe utshele intatheli: “Amabhizinisi ahlanganisa amamojula angakwazi ukuthola inzuzo enkulu engu-30% emakethe yasekhaya, okuvamise ukuba ngu-50% emakethe yase-US, kanye nenani lenzuzo eliphelele. kwezinye izinqwaba ze-DC ziphakeme ngisho nangama-60%.Uma kubhekwa izici zokukhiqiza izinkontileka e-United States, kulindeleke ukuthi kusazoba nenani lenzuzo eliphelele lika-35% kuya ku-40%.Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lentengo yokushaja izinqwaba e-United States liphakeme kakhulu kunalelo elitholakala emakethe yasekhaya, elingaqinisekisa ngokuphelele inzuzo.”
Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuthathwe “isabelo” semakethe yaphesheya kwezilwandle, amabhizinisi enqwaba yokushaja asekhaya asadinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesitifiketi esijwayelekile saseMelika, alawule ikhwalithi ekwakhiweni kwawo, abambe iphuzu elilawulayo ngokusebenza komkhiqizo, futhi azuze umusa ngenzuzo yezindleko. .Njengamanje, emakethe yase-US, amabhizinisi amaningi aseShayina ashaja inqwaba asesesikhathini sokuthuthukiswa kanye nesitifiketi.Uchwepheshe wenqwaba eshajayo utshele intatheli: “Kunzima ukuphumelela isitifiketi esijwayelekile saseMelika sokushaja izinqwaba, futhi izindleko ziphezulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa kunethiwekhi kufanele ziphase isitifiketi se-FCC (Federal Communications Commission of the United States), futhi iminyango efanelekile yase-United States iqine kakhulu ngaleli'khadi'.”
UWang Lin, umqondisi wemakethe yaphesheya kweShenzhen Yipule Technology Co., Ltd., uthe inkampani ihlangabezane nezingqinamba eziningi ekuthuthukiseni izimakethe zaphesheya.Isibonelo, idinga ukuzivumelanisa namamodeli ahlukene futhi ihlangabezane namazinga nemithethonqubo ehlukene;Kuyadingeka ukutadisha nokwahlulela ukuthuthukiswa kukagesi namandla amasha emakethe okuhlosiwe;Kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa izimfuneko zokuphepha zenethiwekhi unyaka nonyaka ngokusekelwe kusizinda sokuthuthukiswa kwe-inthanethi Yezinto.
Ngokusho kwentatheli, okwamanje, enye yezinkinga ezibhekene namabhizinisi emfucumfucu yokushaja ezifuywayo "ekuphumeni" isofthiwe, edinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokukhokha komsebenzisi, ukuphepha kolwazi, ukuphepha kokushaja imoto kanye nokwenza ngcono isipiliyoni.
"E-China, ukusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja sekuqinisekiswe ngokugcwele futhi kungadlala indima ehamba phambili emakethe yomhlaba."U-Yang Xi, uchwepheshe omkhulu kanye nengqapheli ezimele embonini yenqwaba yezimoto ezishaja izimoto zikagesi, utshele izintatheli, “Yize amazwe noma izifunda zibheka ukubaluleka okuhlukile ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda eshajayo, ukuntuleka kwamandla okushaja izinqwaba nemishini ehlobene nakho kuyiqiniso elingephikiswe.Uchungechunge oluphelele lwemboni yezimoto ezintsha zasekhaya lungangezelela le ngxenye yegebe lemakethe.”
Imodeli emisha kanye neziteshi zedijithali
Embonini yasekhaya yenqwaba eshajayo, iningi lamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo.Kodwa-ke, ngesidingo esisha sohwebo lwangaphandle njengenqwaba yokushaja, kukhona imigudu yokuthenga yendabuko embalwa, ngakho ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kwedijithali izoba phezulu.Intatheli ithole ukuthi i-Wuhan Hezhi Digital Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (kamuva ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Hezhi Digital Energy”) izamile ukunweba ibhizinisi laphesheya kusukela ngo-2018, futhi wonke amakhasimende aku-inthanethi aphuma e-Alibaba International Station.Njengamanje, imikhiqizo yale nkampani isidayiselwe emazweni nasezifundeni ezingaphezu kuka-50 emhlabeni jikelele.Ngesikhathi seNdebe Yomhlaba ye-Qatar yango-2022, Ukuhlakanipha kuhlinzeke ngamasethi angu-800 emishini yokushaja amabhasi kagesi endaweni yasendaweni.Ngokubuka indawo egqamile “yokuphuma” kwamabhizinisi akhuphukayo naphansi ochungechungeni lwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha, umbuso kufanele unikeze ukukhetha okufanele emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi ngokwenqubomgomo, angadlala indima ekuthuthukiseni.
Ngokombono ka-Wang Lin, imakethe yenqwaba eshajayo yaphesheya iveza izitayela ezintathu: okokuqala, imodeli yesevisi esekwe ku-inthanethi, ngokubambisana okugcwele phakathi kwabahlinzeki bepulatifomu nabaqhubi, igqamisa izici zebhizinisi ze-SaaS (isoftware njengesevisi);Eyesibili i-V2G.Ngenxa yezimpawu zamanethiwekhi wamandla asabalaliswe phesheya kwezilwandle, amathemba awo athembisa kakhulu.Ingasebenzisa kabanzi ibhethri lamandla okuphela kwemoto emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yamandla amasha, okuhlanganisa indawo yokugcina amandla yasendlini, ukulawulwa kwegridi yamandla, nokuhweba kwamandla;Okwesithathu isidingo semakethe esihlukanisiwe.Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqwaba ye-AC, izinga lokukhula kwemakethe yenqwaba ye-DC lizoshesha kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Ngokuvumelana ne-New Deal yase-United States eshiwo ngenhla, amabhizinisi enqwaba ekhokhisayo noma izinhlangano ezithintekayo zokwakha kufanele zihlangabezane nemibandela emibili ukuze zithole uxhaso: okokuqala, igobolondo lenqwaba elishajayo/lensimbi likhiqizwa e-United States futhi lihlanganiswe e-United States;okwesibili, i-55% yezindleko eziphelele zezingxenye nezingxenye zikhiqizwa e-United States, futhi isikhathi sokuqalisa singemva kukaJulayi 2024. Ngokuphendula le nqubomgomo, abanye abangaphakathi embonini baveze ukuthi ngaphezu kokukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa, inqwaba yokushaja yasekhaya. amabhizinisi asengakwazi ukwenza amabhizinisi aphezulu anezelwa inani eliphezulu njengokuklama, ukuthengisa kanye nesevisi, futhi umncintiswano wokugcina kusewubuchwepheshe, iziteshi namakhasimende.
U-Yang Xi ukholelwa ukuthi ikusasa lemakethe yenqwaba eshaja izimoto zikagesi e-United States ekugcineni lingase lifakwe emabhizinisini endawo.Amabhizinisi okungewona awaseMelika kanye namabhizinisi angakaqalisi izimboni e-United States abhekene nezinselele ezinkulu.Ngokubona kwakhe, ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kusewuvivinyo ezimakethe zaphesheya ngaphandle kwe-United States.Kusukela ekulethweni kwephrojekthi yezokuthutha, ukuya emikhubeni yokusebenza yesikhulumi, ekuqondisweni kwezezimali, amabhizinisi enqwaba yamaShayina ashajayo kufanele aqonde ngokujulile imithetho yendawo, imithethonqubo kanye namasiko ukuze awine amathuba ebhizinisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-07-2023